Onshore Buried Steel Fuel Pipelines at Fault Crossings: A Review of Critical Analysis and Design Aspects

Onshore buried steel pipeline infrastructure is a critical component of the fuel supply system. Pipeline failure due to seismic actions socially, environmentally, and economically unacceptable thus design pipelines in geohazard areas, such as fault crossings, remains hot topic for community. There an intense research effort on evaluation mechanical behavior strength verification at crossings. Still, some aspects need in-depth consideration concerning practical applications. A state-of-the-art review presented three analysis aspects, namely, calculation displacement via deterministic probabilistic methods, effect numerical modeling parameters soil spring properties, alternative pipe protection measures terms availability, efficiency, selection process. The offers thorough insight into what available how employ it design, assisting engineers operators improving safety.